A trial may drag on for awhile, and so the closing statement gives a lawyer the chance to get the fact finder to recall important evidence from the beginning of the trial. And to assign some weight to the evidence: a witness who spoke for three days may not be more important than the one who spoke for an hour, and so the closing statement lets the lawyer spend more time on the important details and convey to others the relative importance of evidence.
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The 2022 reforms to the justice system includes the establishment of a Commercial Court which was approved in Parliament in May 2022. The Commercial Court will be comprised of judges with experience in commercial matters. It will examine cases involving “commercial disputes” relating to claims over €2.000.000, but in addition, irrespective of the amount in dispute, the Commercial Court will have jurisdiction to also hear all matters relating to competition law, intellectual property, and arbitration.
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Once a lawsuit is over, a plaintiff may face obstacles in trying their same lawsuit again. Courts respect the principle of res judicata, which means that once a case is decided, the decision is binding in future lawsuits. But still, some litigants test the limits of what that means.
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In some situations, the law will impose “strict liability” on a defendant. This means that, if a plaintiff is injured, it does not matter whose fault it is. This is meant to give manufacturers an incentive to make their products so safe that the risk of any injury, even one they could claim is not their fault, is low.
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A few years ago, I wrote posts about technology and the law and about how litigation is depicted on television. As kind of a mash-up of these posts, I asked Google Bard to write a blog post about litigation on television. And, to my surprise, the post was actually pretty insightful. So I’m sharing that post and my commentary on it and on legal insights written by AI.
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As far as the national jurisdiction is concerned, and focusing on civil and commercial disputes, it tends to be approximately five years for a first instance judgment, and then some more months for the appeals. This is an approximation, since it depends on the complexity of the matter and the judicial office in charge.
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Communications between clients and lawyers are generally protected from use by opponents in litigation. But the privilege may also protect communications among non-lawyers in response to a question posed by counsel, even if those communications are disclosed in litigation. This is because a privilege that protects trial preparation materials may protect those communications.
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Surprises also arise before trial. Sometimes in discovery, lawyers will discover emails that contradict their understanding of the case. And sometimes, parties will make surprising offers to settle (or not to settle) or decisions about what arguments to pursue. Lastly, I am often surprised by lawyers acting weird, which they frequently do.
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Some defendants may also litigate cases that cost more money to defend than to settle because they want to set their own internal precedent. They want potential plaintiff to know that they will not hand out easy settlements to anyone who sues them, but instead will fight. This may cost short term losses, but may save money in the long run by discouraging additional weak lawsuits.
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Although the Swiss legislature allows for the electronic filings of submissions, this has so far not become common practice. Electronical filings require the use of officially accredited platforms and digital signatures. Some of the courts offer this possibility, others don’t.
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I wrote the cover story in the most recent issue of Litigation News, a publication of the ABA Section of Litigation. It is about a split among the federal appellate courts concerning whether laws that prohibit gender affirming medical care to minors are constitutional. And it considers how different framings of the same law result in different levels of scrutiny that courts apply.
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Plaintiffs normally sue defendants to recover for a loss they suffered. In fact, a plaintiff often must show “standing,” or the fact that they are the right party to sue the defendant because they are the ones who suffered the loss the defendant caused. But in some situations, a plaintiff may sue to recover money that the defendant stole from the government.
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