Litigation in India

According to the Constitution of India, unless the Parliament by law provides otherwise, all proceedings before the Supreme Court and in every High Court shall be conducted in English. In some exceptional cases where some other language is used during the proceeding in a High Court, the judgment in any event must be delivered in English.

Litigation in Jewish Rabbinical Courts

In some commercial cases, like employment cases with schools, our rabbis’ familiarity with the culture is important. And there are many situations in disputes where pure Jewish law applies and Beth Din judges have the competence to decide that in a way that secular courts don’t.

Litigation in Israel

Israel does not have much evidence exchange before trial. The only requirement is that parties to a dispute are obliged to forward relevant documents to their counterparty. Then, after the last pretrial hearing, the judge usually orders the parties to file their evidence with the court by sworn affidavits.

Litigation in Dubai

Each of the seven emirates maintain the right to choose either to participate in the Federal Judiciary or to maintain its own local judicial system. The emirates of Sharjah, Ajman Fujairah and Umm Al Quwain follow the federal judicial system.

Litigation in Brazil

If there are disputed technical issues in a lawsuit in Brazil, the parties may ask the judge to appoint an expert. In that case, the parties write questions to this expert, who prepares a report giving his opinion on the matter and answering the parties’ questions.

Intellectual Property Litigation

Disputes regarding intellectual property can range from interpreting a license agreement or non-disclosure agreement, to stopping infringement, to seeking damages for infringement, to exploring potential business opportunities with an infringer, or a combination thereof.

Litigation in Victoria, Australia

When I do attend the County Court or Supreme Court (not a tribunal) in person, only robes are required (no wigs except in exceptional circumstances), and even then, only for substantive hearings (such as trial) for the practitioner addressing the court and not the practitioner instructing the addressing practitioner.

Litigation in Ethiopia

The parties or their pleaders shall produce, at the first hearing of the suit, all the documentary evidence of every description in their possession or power, on which they intend to rely. They must also list down the details thereof, including the names and address of the witnesses, while filing their statement of claim or statement of defense in the court.

More Details on Discovery and Trials in China

Unlike the U.S., there is no evidence discovery system in China. In principle, parties should bear the burden of proof for their claims/defenses and arguments in lawsuits. As a result, plaintiffs usually initiate lawsuits when they believe they have enough evidence to win.

Litigation in Mexico

In Mexico City, I estimate that it takes an average of a year to a year and a half to get a decision from the lower court. But I had a case that took ten years to get a judgment from the lower court and I have also had cases that proceeded to judgment in two months.

Litigation in Peru

We introduce evidence with the complaint and the judge determines whether evidence is useful to clarify the controversy and prove the facts. The testimony of the witness is “offered” in the complaint and, if the judge admits it, then you will be asked to interview him or her at a hearing called an audiencia de pruebas.

Litigation in Russia

At the first instance, a judge hears a case alone. The procedural rules provide that a party can request the dispute be considered by a panel consisting of one professional judge and two so-called arbitrazh assessors, who are people with specific knowledge in certain areas of economics, finance and management. But judges actually appoint arbitrazh assessors only in very rare cases.